Microgeração em Sistemas de Abastecimento de Água.

O uso racional de energia ganha cada vez mais importância no cenário mundial, tanto pelo seu valor econômico quanto por seu valor ambiental. Em sistemas de abastecimento de água, os maiores consumidores de energia são as estações elevatórias e, portanto, são as unidades do sistema onde há maior preocupação em realizar estudos de eficiência energética. Porém, muitos sistemas se beneficiam de sua topografia privilegiada, realizando a captação e distribuição de água por gravidade, evitando os gastos com bombeamento. Entretanto, toda a energia potencial disponível é dissipada, seja em válvulas redutoras de pressão ou em reservatórios. Assim, toda a energia disponível que poderia ser aproveitada acaba sendo desperdiçada. Além disso, estes sistemas já possuem componentes básicos de uma central hidrelétrica, como válvulas e conduto forçado, o que facilita a implantação de uma microcentral. Entretanto, para que esta energia possa ser aproveitada de forma adequada, é necessário conhecer o funcionamento do sistema, para que o fornecimento de água não seja prejudicado. Neste trabalho são realizados estudos em três diferentes sistemas, buscando definir uma metodologia para avaliar o potencial energético em sistemas de abastecimento de água utilizando de bombas funcionando como turbina. Além disso, foram realizados ensaios laboratoriais para avaliar o desempenho da BFT nas diferentes condições hidráulicas encontradas

A flexibilidade como fator preventivo de lesões e de melhora da perfomance desportiva

Orientador: Sérgio Gregório da SilvaMonografia (licenciatura) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Educação Físic

Energy recovery and pressure control in water distribution networks using pumps as turbine

Orientador: Edevar Luvizotto JuniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e UrbanismoResumo: Potenciais de geração de energia em sistemas de abastecimento de água são cada vez mais estudados e explorados. Devido à baixa potência encontrada na maioria dos locais, a alternativa que apresenta uma melhor relação custo/benefício utiliza as bombas funcionando como turbina (BFTs). Entretanto, há uma grande dificuldade na seleção destes equipamentos e na obtenção de sua curva característica de operação. Para os casos onde se deseja a utilização de BFTs em substituição às válvulas redutoras de pressão (VRPs), esta curva é fundamental para a avaliação técnica e econômica do projeto, devido ao comportamento dinâmico do sistema. Os efeitos de sua operação terão um impacto direto no abastecimento, podendo inclusive causar transitórios hidráulicos, prejudiciais ao sistema. Desta forma, este trabalho busca encontrar uma solução ótima para o uso de BFTs para geração de energia e controle de pressão em substituição às VRPs. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um modelo de simulação hidráulica em regime permanente e em regime transitório e um método de seleção e localização de BFTs para aplicações em redes de abastecimento de água, otimizando o controle de pressão e a produção de energia. Além disso, alternativas para melhoria da operação, como geração em rotação variável, uso de BFTs em paralelo e redimensionamento da rede também foram estudadas. Por fim, foram avaliados os impactos dos transitórios causados pela sua operação, identificando a necessidade de leis de manobra adequadasAbstract: Energy production in water supply systems are increasingly studied and explored. Due to the low power available in most places, the best cost/benefit alternative uses Pumps as Turbines (PAT). However, it is not an easy task to choose the adequate equipment and its respective characteristic curves. Whenever a PAT is used to substitute a PRV, the PAT operation curve is critical to the technical and economical success of the project, considering the dynamic behavior of the system. The effects of its operation will have a direct impact on the water supply, and may also cause harmful transients to the system. Thus, the objective of this study is to find an optimal solution when using a PAT to substitute a PRV for pressure control and energy production. Therefore, a hydraulic model to simulate both steady and unsteady conditions was also developed. A method to select and to locate PAT in water supply networks was developed, optimizing the pressure control and energy production. In addition, alternatives to improve the operation, such as generation with variable speed, use of PATs in parallel and redesign of network pipes were also studied. Finally, the effects of eventual hydraulic transients due to the operation was evaluated, enabling operation rules, with respective adequate maneuversDoutoradoRecursos Hidricos, Energeticos e AmbientaisDoutor em Engenharia Civil142324/2014-0CNP

Imaging in occupational lung diseases

This chapter consists of a review of the literature regarding radiographic and tomographic characteristics of the principal occupational respiratory diseases (silicosis and asbestosis). Special attention is given to the practical relevance of high-resolution computed tomography, which is the most sensitive and specific method of identifying and quantifying the extent of pleural and parenchymal lesions related to such diseases.A presente revisão apresenta as características radiográficas e tomográficas das principais doenças ocupacionais respiratórias (silicose e asbestose). Em especial, enfatiza-se a relevância prática da tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução, método mais sensível e específico para a detecção e quantificação da extensão das lesões pleuroparenquimatosas a elas relacionadas.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das ClínicasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de DiagnósticoUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de DiagnósticoSciEL

Optimizing the utility of high-resolution computed tomography in diagnosing cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

Univ Fed Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, EM, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Pattern recognition and clustering of transient pressure signals for burst location

A large volume of the water produced for public supply is lost in the systems between sources and consumers. An important-in many cases the greatest-fraction of these losses are physical losses, mainly related to leaks and bursts in pipes and in consumer connections. Fast detection and location of bursts plays an important role in the design of operation strategies for water loss control, since this helps reduce the volume lost from the instant the event occurs until its effective repair (run time). The transient pressure signals caused by bursts contain important information about their location and magnitude, and stamp on any of these events a specific "hydraulic signature". The present work proposes and evaluates three methods to disaggregate transient signals, which are used afterwards to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) to identify burst locations and calculate the leaked flow. In addition, a clustering process is also used to group similar signals, and then train specific ANNs for each group, thus improving both the computational efficiency and the location accuracy. The proposed methods are applied to two real distribution networks, and the results show good accuracy in burst location and characterization111

Water quality sensor placement: a multi-objective and multi-criteria approach

[EN] To satisfy their main goal, namely providing quality water to consumers, water distribution networks (WDNs) need to be suitably monitored. Only well designed and reliable monitoring data enables WDN managers to make sound decisions on their systems. In this belief, water utilities worldwide have invested in monitoring and data acquisition systems. However, good monitoring needs optimal sensor placement and presents a multi-objective problem where cost and quality are conflicting objectives (among others). In this paper, we address the solution to this multi-objective problem by integrating quality simulations using EPANET-MSX, with two optimization techniques. First, multi-objective optimization is used to build a Pareto front of non-dominated solutions relating contamination detection time and detection probability with cost. To assist decision makers with the selection of an optimal solution that provides the best trade-off for their utility, a multi-criteria decision-making technique is then used with a twofold objective: 1) to cluster Pareto solutions according to network sensitivity and entropy as evaluation parameters; and 2) to rank the solutions within each cluster to provide deeper insight into the problem when considering the utility perspectives.The clustering process, which considers features related to water utility needs and available information, helps decision makers select reliable and useful solutions from the Pareto front. Thus, while several works on sensor placement stop at multi-objective optimization, this work goes a step further and provides a reduced and simplified Pareto front where optimal solutions are highlighted. The proposed methodology uses the NSGA-II algorithm to solve the optimization problem, and clustering is performed through ELECTRE TRI. The developed methodology is applied to a very well-known benchmarking WDN, for which the usefulness of the approach is shown. The final results, which correspond to four optimal solution clusters, are useful for decision makers during the planning and development of projects on networks of quality sensors. The obtained clusters exhibit distinctive features, opening ways for a final project to prioritize the most convenient solution, with the assurance of implementing a Pareto-optimal solution.Brentan, B.; Carpitella, S.; Barros, D.; Meirelles, G.; Certa, A.; Izquierdo Sebastián, J. (2021). Water quality sensor placement: a multi-objective and multi-criteria approach. Water Resources Management. 35(1):225-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-020-02720-3S225241351Barak S, Mokfi T (2019) Evaluation and selection of clustering methods using a hybrid group mcdm. 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Perguntamos: qual o diagnóstico?

Centro de Medicina Diagnóstica FleuryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)University of British ColumbiaUNIFESPSciEL

Outbreak of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis among patients hospitalized in a bone marrow transplant ward: tomographic findings

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the main aspects on CT scans of six patients hospitalized in a bone marrow transplant ward, diagnosed with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), during an in-hospital outbreak of the disease. METHODS: We reviewed 10 chest CT scans of six neutropenic or immunocompromised patients hospitalized in the hematology and bone marrow transplant ward of the Hospital São Paulo, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, who were diagnosed with IPA between April of 2007 and October of 2007. The diagnosis of IPA was confirmed by anatomopathological findings (in 2 cases), culture (in 3 cases) or appropriate treatment response (in 1 case). RESULTS: We evaluated the CT scans of three male and three female patients, ranging from 22 to 58 years of age. The most common tomographic findings were nodules (5/6 cases) and areas of consolidation (2/6 cases). The nodules were more often multiple (3/5 cases), with irregular contours (4/5 cases) and accompanied by the halo sign (3/5 cases). One case presented multiple, centrally distributed areas of consolidation, and another presented an isolated, peripheral area of consolidation. Areas of ground-glass attenuation and septal thickening were found in three and two patients, respectively. Bilateral pleural effusion occurred in three cases. CONCLUSIONS: Consolidation, nodules, septal thickening, pleural effusion and ground-glass opacities were the principal tomographic findings in the six patients hospitalized in the abovementioned ward during the IPA outbreak. The nodules were often (in 67% of the cases) accompanied by the halo sign, a classically described finding in patients with IPA.OBJETIVO: Avaliar os principais aspectos encontrados na TC de seis pacientes internados em uma enfermaria de transplante de medula óssea, diagnosticados com aspergilose pulmonar invasiva (API) durante um surto intra-hospitalar da doença. MÉTODOS: Foram revisadas 10 TC de tórax de seis pacientes internados na enfermaria de hematologia e transplante de medula óssea do Hospital São Paulo em São Paulo (SP) entre abril de 2007 e outubro de 2007, neutropênicos ou imunossuprimidos, que evoluíram com API. O diagnóstico de API foi comprovado por exames anatomopatológicos (2 casos), cultura (3 casos) ou por resposta terapêutica adequada (1 caso). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas imagens tomográficas de três homens e três mulheres com idades variando de 22 a 58 anos. Nódulos (5/6 casos) e áreas de consolidação (2/6 casos) foram os achados tomográficos mais comuns. Os nódulos eram mais frequentemente múltiplos (3/5 casos), de contornos irregulares (3/5 casos) e com sinal do halo (3/5 casos). Foram encontradas consolidações múltiplas e de distribuição central em um caso e consolidação isolada e periférica em outro. Áreas de atenuação em vidro fosco e espessamento septal foram achados, respectivamente, em três e dois pacientes. Derrame pleural bilateral ocorreu em três casos. CONCLUSÕES: Consolidação, nódulos, opacidades em vidro fosco, derrame pleural e espessamentos septais foram os principais achados tomográficos dos seis pacientes internados na enfermaria acima citada durante o surto de API. O sinal do halo, classicamente descrito na literatura para esta condição, foi um achado frequente quando associado a nódulos (67%).Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Diagnóstico por ImagemUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Diagnóstico por ImagemSciEL